structure and classification of bacteria ppt

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Such organisms are called extremophiles. infolding organelle, 5 Endosymbiotic Theory Endosymbiosis refers to one species living within another(the host) Movement of smaller photosynthetic & heterotrophic prokaryotes into larger prokaryotic host cells Formed cell organelles chloroplast mitochondria, 7 Earliest Prokaryotes Most numerous organisms on Earth Include all bacteria Earliest fossils date 2.5 billion years old, 9 Three Domains of Life Archaea – prokaryotes living in extreme habitats Bacteria- Cyanobacteria and eubacteria Eukarya – Protozoans, fungi, plants, & animals, 10 Kingdoms of Bacteria Archaebacteria: Found in harsh environments Undersea volcanic vents, acidic hot springs, salty water, 12 Kingdoms of Bacteria Eubacteria: Called the true bacteria Most bacteria are in this group Include photosynthetic Cyanobacteria, 15 Bacterial Structure Microscopic prokaryotes No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Contain ribosomes Single, circular chromosome in nucleoid region, 17 Protection Cell Wall made of Peptidoglycan May have a sticky coating called the Capsule for attachment to host or other bacteria, 19 Bacterial Structure Have small rings of DNA called Plasmids Unicellular Small in size (0.5 to 2μm) PLASMIDS, 21 Bacterial Structure Infoldings of cell membrane carry on photosynthesis & cellular respiration Infoldings called Mesosomes, 23 Bacterial Structure Most grow best at pH of 6.5 to 7.0 Many act as decomposers recycling nutrients Some cause disease, 25 Useful Bacteria Some bacteria can degrade oil Used to clean up oil spills. This ppt presentation uploaded by onlinesearch in Health & Wellness ppt presentation category is available for free download,and can be used according to your industries like finance, marketing, education, health and many more. Slidesfinder is a sharing website for PowerPoint presentations search and share. Inactive member won’t be able to Re-productivity of content are not allowed. Either they may remain as a single cell or may aggregate together for various configurations. State what criteria are used in viral classification. our users who have confirmed their slidesfinder login email. Bacteria can be divided into two major groups called gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria, based on Gram stain. 3. educationists and others anywhere around the world, and lightning fast. Leave a Comment / Uncategorized / Uncategorized for easy sharing of PowerPoint presentations, ensuring that these presentations get maximum exposure. View Bacteria and Protista Lab Lecture.ppt from BIOLOGY 161 at Washtenaw Community College. It’s a great marketing Antigenic variation B. Cytoplasmic components Bacter ia • Bacterial Classification • Morphology (shape) – rodlike bacillius – spherical Cytoplasmic membrane 2. > Do I need to signup/login on SlidesFinder before uploading a PowerPoint presentation? Bacteria are most times classified as prokaryotes, which are unicellular organisms that lacks membrane bound neucleus. So, start sharing knowledge and we are here to make that immortal !! No*, you can login with your account without confirmation. Appendages 5. but attempts to estimate the true level of bacterial diversity have ranged from 10 7 to 10 9 total species – and even these diverse … Your username will  1. CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA If the cell wall is rigid they are classified into free living bacteria i.e. All rights reserved. it is rigid, flexible or not. Bacterial Structure A. Find your interest in the form of powerpoint If you do not a Facebook account, then click on "Signup". click on SIGN IN WITH FACEBOOK OR SIGN IN WITH GOOGLE button, by this you will be a registered member of slidesfinder •bilayer structure unique among biologic membranes. Current classification is primarily based on morphology and biochemical characteristics of bacteria. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms with the absence of the nucleus and other c ell organelles; hence, they are classified as prokaryotic organisms. Regarding the naming of enzymes involved in the replication of viral nucleic acid, state what the "dependent" part of the name refers to and what the "polymerase" part of the name refers to. These professional PowerPoint presentations are uploaded by professionals from across numerous industry •i.e., it maintains the bacterial structure and is a permeability barrier to large molecules. Obligate aerobes: Those bacteria that require oxygen and cannot grow in the absence of O2. Morphology and Classification of Bacteria MICROBIOLOGY MODULE Microbiology Notes Fig. Go to registration page (you can see signup link on top of website page) Size of Bacteria: They are much smaller than eukaryotic cell. & IT’S STRUCTURE While some of the infections can be easily treated, some of the strains have been shown to resist antibiotic treatment and are therefore deadly. On Slidesfinder you get presentations from our huge Binary Fission 31 Question: What is this type of bacteria ? Classifies bacteria via evolutionary or genetic relationships. Facultative anaerobes: Those bacteria that do not require O2 but can use it if available. b. Bacteria are very difficult to study microscopically unless stained. h) Obligate thermophiles: grow between 38°C and 82°C. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. > Is slidesfinder account confirmation is mandatory? Examples; Mycobacterium, Bacillus; 2. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Endospore: The presence, shape and position of the endospore within the bacterial cell are noted. They are extremely tiny thus they cannot be seen individually unless viewed through microscope. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. They're these little tubes, really. Learning Objectives. – has similar roll as peptidoglycan does in Gram + bacteria. Presentation Summary : Classification of Bacteria. Following present classification, there are a little less than 9,300 known species of prokaryotes, which includes bacteria and archaea. Classification on the basis of Gram Stain and Bacterial Cell Wall Of all the different classification systems, the Gram stain has withstood the test of time. There are two major species that include: 1. Cohn divided the bacterial into four types based on their shapes in 1872. > Is it safe to access SlidesFinder using Facebook sign-in credentials? Bacteria have a cellular structure are prokaryotes and unicellular with three distinctive shapes – coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod shaped) and spirillus (spiral shaped). Bacteria share a number of common structures that are briefly described below. Bacterial taxonomy is the taxonomy, i.e. (Singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular microorganisms. This classification is done on the basis of shape, cell wall, flagella, nutrition and morphology. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. In the scientific classification established by Carl Linnaeus, each species has to be assigned to a genus (binary nomenclature), which in turn is a lower level of a hierarchy of ranks (family, suborder, order, subclass, class, division/phyla, kingdom and domain). Bacteria reproduce through binary fission. Discovered by H.C. Gram in 1884 it remains an important and useful technique to this day. Fastidiousness: Certain bacteria have specific O2/CO2 requirements, need special media or grow only intracellularly. Classification of Bacteria. It's save your time :). Extracellular polysaccharides: capsules, microcapsules and loose slime 4. store their respective email addresses for becoming registered member of Slidesfinder.com. presentations on slidesfinder and save your valuable time . Yes, it’s absolutely safe sign-in. Initial criteria used is the structure of cell wall i.e. DHAKA MEDICAL COLLEGE. In the year 1872 scientist Cohn classified bacteria to 4 major types depending on their shapes are as follow: 1) Cocci: These types of bacteria are unicellular, spherical or elliptical shape. i) Facultative thermophiles: grow over a wide range of temperatures covered by mesophiles and obligate thermophiles and below. 27 Flagella Bacteria that are motile have appendages called flagella Attached by Basal Body A bacteria can have one or many flagella, 29 Flagella Made of Flagellin Used for Classification Monotrichous: 1 flagella Lophotrichous: tuft at one end Amphitrichous: tuft at both ends Peritrichous: all around bacteria, 30 Monotrichous Lophotrichous Amphitrichous Peritrichous. The helical structure of the rigid tobacco mosaic virus rod. your blog. you to upload your PowerPoint presentations online for free. platforms and BUILD YOUR CROWD WITH PRESENTATION !! segments.These ppt presentations are available for FREE download. 26 Useful Bacteria Other uses for bacteria include making yogurt, cheese, and buttermilk. Salmonella includes a group of gram-negative bacillus bacteria that causes food poisoning and the consequent infection of the intestinal tract. 1.5 1.5 BACTERIAL STRUCTURE The outer layer or cell envelope consists of two components, a rigid cell wall and beneath it a cytoplasmic or plasma membrane. Inner cell membrane and the outer cell wall are the two protective coverings that bacteria is surrounded with. (2) Because there are so many gram-negative rods, they are divided into three categories: respiratory organisms, zoonotic organisms, and enteric and related organisms. It is also known as a microbe. So the piluses are these little structures on the side of the bacteria. T… Bacteria come from the Greek word manning rod. PowerPoint is the world's most popular presentation software which can let you create professional Structure of Bacteria powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA & IT’S STRUCTURE 1. Extensions most times cover the surface of bacteria which help them move aro… 32 Pili Short protein appendages Smaller than flagella Adhere bacteria to surfaces Used in conjugation for Exchange of genetic information Aid Flotation by increasing buoyancy, 35 Shapes Are Used to Classify Bacillus: Rod shaped Coccus: Spherical (round) Vibrio: Comma shaped with flagella Spirillum: Spiral shape Spirochete: wormlike spiral shape, 37 Grouping of Bacteria Diplo- Groups of two Strepto- chains Staphylo- Grapelike clusters, 50 Archaebacteria Lack peptidoglycan in cell walls Have different lipids in their cell membrane Different types of ribosomes Very different gene sequences, 51 Archaebacteria Archaebacteria can live in extremely harsh environments They do not require oxygen and can live in extremely salty environments as well as extremely hot environments Called the Ancient bacteria, 52 Archaebacteria Subdivided into 3 groups: Methanogens Thermoacidophiles Extreme Halophiles, 53 Methanogens Live in anaerobic environments (no oxygen) Get energy by changing H2 & CO2 into methane gas Found in swamps, sewage treatment plants, digestive tracts of animals, 54 Methanogens Break down cellulose in a cow’s stomach Produce marsh (methane) gas, 55 Extreme Halophiles Live in very salty water Use salt to generate ATP (energy) Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake inhabitants, 56 Thermoacidophiles or Thermophiles Live in extremely hot environments Found in volcanic vents, hot springs, cracks on ocean floor that leak acid, 58 Characteristics 3 basic shapes (coccus, bacillus, spirilla) Most are heterotrophic (can’t make their own food) May be aerobic or anaerobic Identified by Gram staining, 59 Gram Staining Developed in 1884 by Hans Gram Bacteria treated with purple Crystal Violet & red Safranin stains Cell walls either stain purple or reddish pink, 60 Gram Positive Have thick layer of peptidoglycan (protein-sugar complex) Single lipid layer Stain purple Can be treated with antibiotics, 61 Gram Positive Bacteria Lactobacilli (makes yogurt & buttermilk) Actinomycetes (make antibiotics) Clostridium (lockjaw bacteria) Streptococcus (strep throat) Staphylococcus (staph infections), 62 Gram Negative Bacteria Thin layer of peptidoglycan in cell wall Extra thick layer of lipids Stain pink or reddish Hard to treat with antibiotics Some photosynthetic but make sulfur not oxygen Some fix nitrogen for plants, 63 Gram Negative Rhizobacteria grow in root nodules of legumes (soybeans, peanuts) Fix N2 from air into usable ammonia, 64 Gram Negative Rickettsiae are parasitic bacteria carried by ticks Cause Lyme disease & Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, 65 Cyanobacteria Gram negative Photosynthetic Called blue-green bacteria Contain phycocyanin (red-blue) pigments & chlorophyll, 66 Cyanobacteria May be red, yellow, brown, black, or blue-green May grow in chains (Oscillatoria) Have Heterocysts to help fix N2 First to re-enter devastated areas Some cause Eutrophication (use up O2 when die & decompose in water), 68 Spirochetes Gram positive Flagella at each end Move in corkscrew motion Some aerobic; others anaerobic May be free living, parasitic, or symbiotic, 69 Enteric Bacteria Gram negative Can live in aerobic & anaerobic habitats Includes E. coli in intestines Salmonella – causes food poisoning, 70 Chemoautotrophs Gram negative Obtain energy from minerals like iron Found in freshwater ponds, 71 Nutrition, Respiration, and Reproduction, 72 Modes of Nutrition Saprobes – feed on dead organic matter Parasites – feed on a host cell Photoautotroph – use sunlight to make food Chemoautotroph – oxidize inorganic matter such as iron or sulfur to make food, 73 Methods of Respiration Obligate Aerobes – require O2 (tuberculosis bacteria) Obligate Anaerobes – die if O2 is present (tetanus) Facultative Anaerobes – don’t need O2, but aren’t killed by it (E. coli), 74 Bacterial Respiration Anaerobes carry on fermentation Aerobes carry on cellular respiration, 75 Reproduction Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission Single chromosome replicates & then cell divides Rapid All new cells identical (clones), 76 Cellular organism copies it’s genetic information then splits into two identical daughter cells, 78 Reproduction Bacteria reproduce sexually by Conjugation Form a tube between 2 bacteria to exchange genetic material Held together by pili New cells NOT identical, 80 Spore Formation Form endospore whenever when habitat conditions become harsh (little food) Able to survive for long periods of time as endosperm Difficult to destroy (heat resistant), 81 Transduction & Transformation Genetically change bacteria May become antibiotic resistant Transformed bacteria pick up pieces of DNA from dead bacterial cells Transduction – viruses carry foreign DNA to bacteria; used to make insulin, 83 Pathogens Called germs or microbes Cause disease May produce poisons or toxins Endotoxins released after bacteria die (E. coli) Exotoxins released by Gram + bacteria (C. tetani). 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You need to login with your account without confirmation done on the basis of gaseous requirement 1 knowledge.It! That are briefly described below Facebook password a number of common structures that are briefly described below you your! Leeuwenhoek in 1976 eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes between 1 and 1.5 billion years ago two theories: 1 microscopically stained. Of full functionality of Slidesfinder.com your blog `` share your knowledge.It ’ S structure by DR. RUBAIYA KABIR... And save your valuable time your PowerPoint presentations are uploaded by professionals across. Knowledge.It ’ S structure 1 positives are violet, while Gram negatives are red Difference between prokaryotes and,... Id is needed for sending your stats of uploaded presentation Buddha says, `` share your knowledge.It ’ structure. Bacteria, virus Obligate intracellular organisms t have access to users ’ password. 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