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Updates? During the hot season from mid-April to the end of June, the temperature may reach 49 °C (120 °F). The Ghaznavids, a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin,[39][b][40] reigned until 1186 when they were defeated and replaced by the Ghurid dynasty of Iranian descent from the Ghor region of present-day central Afghanistan.[41]. Faisalabad is the third-largest metropolis in Pakistan and a famous industrial city. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Where is the Mayon Volcano? In 1758, Punjab came under the rule of Marathas, who captured the region by defeating the Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Abdali. In this list only the area of each city is … 24-B, Commercial Area, Model Town, Northern Bypass, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan-60000 Open Now yousaf @ """" 03024016553 The remainder of the Punjab at this time was governed by the Hindu Shahis and local Rajputs. It is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab and is one of the languages recognized by the Indian constitution. In Pakistan Punjabi is spoken by some 70 million speakers, mostly in Punjab province, but official status at both the national and the provincial level is reserved for Urdu. The general slope of the land is from northeast to southwest, but it rises in the areas between rivers. The other 14 accepted East India Company sovereignty. The area entered recorded history with the annexation of Punjab and Sindh to the Persian empire by Darius I (c. 518 bce). Total area of Pakistan including four provinces Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh and Balochistan and three territories Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit–Baltistan and Azad Kashmir. The plates are still moving together, and the Himalayas are rising by about 5 millimetres (0.2 in) per year. The mountains are relatively young, and are eroding rapidly. Punjab (Shahmukhi: پنجاب; /pʌnˈdʒɑːb/, /-ˈdʒæb/; /ˈpʌndʒɑːb/, /-dʒæb/; Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬ ; Punjabi: [pənˈdʒaːb] (listen); also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb)[a] is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India. Punjab is bounded by Pakistan on the west, Jammu and Kashmir (union territory) on the north, Himachal Pradesh on the northeast and Haryana and Rajasthan on the south. [54] In 2001, it was recorded that farmers made up 39% of Indian Punjab's workforce. Lahore’s airport provides domestic service. The provincial capital, Lahore, is located in the east-central region, near the border with India. For the province of Pakistan, see. Omissions? [5][6][7], The region was originally called Sapta Sindhu,[8] the Vedic land of the seven rivers flowing into the ocean. [citation needed], Alternatively, Punjab is also adding to the economy with the increase in employment of Punjab youth in the private sector. [citation needed]. Rawalpindi Railway Station is situated 1½ km northeast of Army Medical College Boys Hostel. Punjab province is bordered by Sindh to the south, the province of Balochistan to the southwest, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and the Islamabad Capital Territory and Azad Kashmir in the north. After the death of Ahmad Shah, the Punjab was freed from the Afghan rule by Sikhs for a brief period between 1773 and 1818. Rawalpindi (Punjab, Pakistan): population 3.25 million. In 305 BCE the area was ruled by the Maurya Empire. The monsoon season, from July to September, is a period of heavy rainfall, providing water for crops in addition to the supply from canals and irrigation systems. [44] The Punjabi language has official status and is widely used in education and administration in Indian Punjab, whereas in Pakistani Punjab these roles are instead communicated by the Urdu language. The region has been used for extensive wheat farming. [1][15] The word Punjab thus means 'The Land of Five Waters', referring to the rivers Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas. 'Five waters') is Pakistan's most populous province, with an estimated population of 110,012,442 as of 2017. The ventilator occupancy rate reached a worrying level on Tuesday in the Punjab… Punjab is one of the more industrialized provinces in Pakistan; its manufacturing industries produce textiles, machinery, electrical appliances, surgical instruments, metals, bicycles and rickshaws, floor coverings, and processed foods. [2] In British India, until the Partition of India in 1947, the Punjab Province encompassed the present-day Indian states and union territories of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, and Delhi and the Pakistani regions of Punjab and Islamabad Capital Territory. Bin Qasim conquered parts of present-day Sindh and southern Punjab for the Umayyad Caliphate. The land was later contested by the Persians, Indo-Greeks, Indo-Scythians, Kushans, Macedonians, Ghaznavids, Turkic, Mongols, Timurids, Mughals, Marathas, Arabs, Pashtuns, British, and other peoples. Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province by area after Balochistan with an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles). In 1001, Mahmud of Ghazni began a series of raids which culminated in establishing Ghaznavid rule across the Punjab by 1026. It is the largest province in terms of land area, forming the southwestern region of the country, but is the least populated. Punjab, province of eastern Pakistan. Agriculture is the chief source of income and employment in Punjab. "The State and Agricultural Productivity: Continuity versus Change in the Indian and Pakistani Punjabs. In a long line of succeeding rulers of the area, Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka stand out as the most renowned. It covered a relatively smaller area lying between the Indus and the Sutlej rivers. After Ranjit Singh's death, assassinations and internal divisions severely weakened the empire. Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province at 205,344 km² (79,284 sq mi²) after Balochistan and is located at the northwestern edge of the geologic Indian plate in South-Central Asia. The religious sect called the Sikhs rose to power in the latter part of the 18th century. Punjabis celebrate different festivals based on their following culture, season and religion: Traditional Punjabi clothing differs depending on the region. Its provincial capital and largest city is Quetta. It occupies 25.8% of the total landmass of Pakistan. In the plain the mean June temperature reaches the mid-90s F (mid-30s C), while the mean January temperature is in the mid-50s F (low 10s C). Both Indian and Pakistani Punjab are considered to have the best infrastructure of their respective countries. In prehistoric times, one of the earliest known cultures of South Asia, the Indus Valley Civilisation was located in the region. In addition, rice, cotton, sugarcane, fruit, and vegetables are also grown. Out of the 36 areas, 22 were united by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. It is bordered by the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, Sindh province to the south, Balochistān and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces to the west, and Islamabad federal capital area and Azad Kashmir to the north. Menander I Soter ("Menander I the Saviour"; known as Milinda in Indian sources) is the most renowned leader of the era, he conquered the Punjab and made Sagala the capital of his Empire. New Delhi: The chief minister of Pakistan’s Punjab province, Usman Buzdar, has asked the deputy commissioners of his province to air qawwali programmes on local cable networks to promote the art form. Although the region is a traditional floodplain, the extraordinary flooding of the Indus River in the summer of 2010 was especially disastrous in Punjab, where millions of people were affected (by some estimates, one-half of all Pakistanis affected were in Punjab). During the independence movement, many Punjabis played a significant role, including Madan Lal Dhingra, Sukhdev Thapar, Ajit Singh Sandhu, Bhagat Singh, Udham Singh, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Bhai Parmanand, Choudhry Rahmat Ali, and Lala Lajpat Rai. [2], The 19th century definition of the Punjab region focuses on the collapse of the Sikh Empire and the creation of the British Punjab province between 1846 and 1849. LOCATION OF PUNJAB: Punjab (Urdu: پنجاب ‎, Shahmukhī Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, “five waters”: listen, also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan.It has an area of 205,344 square kilometers (79,284 square miles) and a population exceeding 82 million, approximately 56% of the country’s total population. The formation of the Himalayan Range of mountains to the east and north-east of the Punjab is the result of a collision between the north-moving Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. [38] The neighbouring Seleucid Empire rule came to an end around 12 BCE, after several invasions by the Yuezhi and the Scythian people. The area of settlement, which had formerly been limited to the north and northeast, was enlarged to include the whole province, and now about three-quarters of the province’s cultivable land is irrigated. Pop. The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts. The British Raj had political, cultural, philosophical, and literary consequences in the Punjab, including the establishment of a new system of education. Punjab has a population of 80 million people and an area of 79,284 mi² or (205,344 km²) in terms of area the province of Punjab is greater in area than Kyrgyzstan but smaller than Belarus. Punjab is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India. The name Punjab means “five waters,” or “five rivers,” and signifies the land drained by the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers, which are tributaries of the Indus River. [43] The Punjab bore the brunt of the civil unrest following the end of the British Raj, with casualties estimated to be in the millions. Wahdat Colony from Mapcarta, the free map. Punjab borders Jammu and Kashmir in the north, and the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east. In Pakistan, the region now includes the Punjab province and Islamabad Capital Territory. Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province by area, and it is the most populated province, with rich culture & hitory. A man wearing a protective mask walks outside a shopping area in Karachi on Dec 29. In 711–713 CE, the 18-year-old Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim of Taif, a city in what is now Saudi Arabia, came by way of the Arabian Sea with Arab troops to defeat Raja Dahir. The term Punjab (Persian: پنج‌آب‎) is a compound of two Persian words: panj (پنج‎, 'five'; [pændʒ]) and âb (آب‎, 'water'; [ɒːb]). The Gandharas, Kambojas, Trigartas, Andhra, Pauravas, Bahlikas (Bactrian settlers of the Punjab), Yaudheyas, and others sided with the Kauravas in the great battle fought at Kurukshetra. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Sikh rulers backed the East India Company, providing troops and support. The major language is Punjabi, (Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ; Shahmukhi: پنجابی) written in India with the Gurmukhi script, and in Pakistan using the Shahmukhi script. Photo: Miiqbal, CC BY-SA 3.0. The minister said that the farmers of south Punjab hated this royal gang as the Pakistan Muslim League- Nawaz (PML-N) forced them to starve during its rule. Chandigarh, Jan 30: Punjab Cheif Minister Captain Amarinder Singh has cautioned about Pakistan's plan to push illegal drugs and weapons into India amid the … [citation needed]. [51] Pakistani Punjab produces 68% of Pakistan's food grain production. Forming the bulk of the transnational Punjab region, it is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the enclave of Islamabad, and Azad Kashmir. A state in north India is known for Sikh community there is considerable rural-to-urban migration the. 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