polar stratospheric clouds quizlet

In such conditions the ice crystals of the cloud provide a suitable surface for conversion of unreactive chlorine compounds into reactive chlorine compounds, which can deplete ozone easily. The clouds … Learn. PMF IAS 30,605 views. A thinning of stratospheric ozone that occurs over the poles during the spring. closed loop. Log in Sign up. Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), also known as nacreous clouds from nacre, or mother of pearl, due to their iridescence, are clouds in the winter polar stratosphere. Persist and continue to destroy ozone for decades. International agreement to limit CFC production. Photograph by Lamont Poole, NASA Langley Research Center. Latitude strongly influences climate because _______ solar energy falls on areas that are closer to the equator than to the poles. View more Images of the Day: May 25, 2000. Heteroge- neous reactions on SSAs also change model predictions of Oa depletion due to HSCTs significantly [Ko and Weisenstein, 1993]. There may be a causal relationship between cloud particle evaporation and ozone depletion. This figure shows the change with time of the area at various pressure levels at which the temperature is below that which forms Polar Stratospheric Clouds(PSC) Type I (nitric acid trihydrate - NAT). An area in the stratosphere where ozone is highly concentrated. This does not reduce CO2 in the atmosphere. UV-A. C22-Polar Vortex-Ozone Hole-Ozone Depletion-Polar Stratospheric Clouds - Geography, Environment - Duration: 17:49. PLAY. This photograph shows polar stratospheric clouds lit from below near Kiruna, Sweden. The Polar Stratospheric Clouds that form during the polar winter in the stratosphere, altitudes of 15,000 to 25,000 meters. An important property of air circulation is... Gas most responsible for the greenhouse effect. Start studying Stratospheric Ozone Quiz. Those that show mother-of-pearl colors are given the name nacreous. Water is cooler than usual in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Yet, these inclusions of Nitric or Sulfuric acids, are they from human activities? Phytoplankton, Tropical Rain Forests, and Oceans. 11 terms. schiffma. STUDY. Video shows what polar stratospheric cloud means. STUDY. Above the tropopause and the isothermal layer in the lower stratosphere, temperature increases with height. The consequences of the present uncertainties for the chemical processing of stratospheric air are briefly … At even lower temperatures(188 K … Arctic ozone decreases of as much as 40 percent have been measured. Polar Stratospheric Cloud Background These clouds exist at very high altitude (~70,000 ft) within Earth's stratosphere. Should the temperature rise, clouds won't form. Log in Sign up. the long term prevailing weather conditions at a particular place based upon records taken, distance from the equator measured in degrees north or south of the equator, the short term periodic change in the location of warm and cold water masses in the Pacific Ocean, the water in the eastern Pacific Ocean is cooler than usual, an area in the stratosphere where ozone is highly concentrated, a class of human-made chemicals that scientists thought were damaging the ozone layer, a thinning of stratospheric ozone that occurs over the poles during the spring, high-altitude clouds made of water and nitric acid that form when temperatures fall below about -80 degrees C, increase in the average temperature of earth's surface, requires developed countries to decrease emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases by an average of 5 percent below their 1990 levels by 2012. Greenhouse Gases. Should the temperature rise, clouds won't form. Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and ozone Under normal atmospheric conditions, the two chemicals that store most atmospheric chlorine (hydrochloric acid, and chlorine nitrate) are stable. C22-Polar Vortex-Ozone Hole-Ozone Depletion-Polar Stratospheric Clouds - Geography, Environment - Duration: 17:49. Sunlight streams through the atmosphere and heats the Earth. This pho - tograph of an Arctic polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) was taken from the ground at Kiruna, Sweden (67°N), on 27 January 2000. Polar stratospheric clouds have a great impact on radiative forcing. Winds push warm water eastward in the Pacific Ocean. The increasing greenhouse gases in our atmosphere result in increasing the average temperature on Earth. Create. Stratospheric Ozone Quiz . Caused by wind and influenced by Earth's rotation. I want to know the origin of nitrogic acid or the surfurric acid within these clouds. Polar stratospheric clouds are clouds that occur in the lower stratosphere at very low temperatures. Persist and continue to destroy ozone for decades . (4) They can detect water vapor, which is invisible to the eye. PSCs were sighted between 10 and 25 km and were usually first observed by mid‐June. A multitude of feedbacks also occurred in the models due to the polar stratospheric clouds' presence. Atmosphere - Atmosphere - Stratosphere and mesosphere: The stratosphere is located above the troposphere and extends up to about 50 km (30 miles). Antarctica has 5-6 months of these temperatures. Very high-level stratiform Nitric acid and water polar stratospheric Sometimes known as type 1, a thin sheet-like cloud resembling cirrostratus or haze. 1.1.2 Stratosphere. Therefore, the ozone depletion in … ə s /, from nacre, or mother of pearl, due to its iridescence), are clouds in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes of 15,000–25,000 meters (49,000–82,000 ft). As a consequence, Arctic stratospheric air is generally much warmer than in the Antarctic, and fewer clouds form there. Models incorporating these reac- tions predict … Polar stratospheric clouds are clouds in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes of 15,000–25,000 m. They are best observed during civil twilight, when the Sun is between 1 and 6 degrees below the horizon, as well as in winter and in more northerly latitudes. Polar stratospheric clouds. They are only found in the polar regions where stratospheric temperatures fall below about 200 K, cold enough to initiate their formation. Ozone Thinning on Humans. Damages DNA. The stratosphere contains ~9.9% of air mass over the Earth, and ranges from ~10 to ~50 km ASL with ascending temperature up to ~270 K. Due to precipitation in the troposphere, H 2 O can scarcely survive through vertical transport to reach the stratosphere. International agreement to limit CFC production. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A continues record of annual average atmospheric CO2 concentrations from Mauna Loa, Hawaii Revels. 17:49. tinachmielewski. Observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) date back to the end of the 19th century. In contrast, the Earth’s surface in the northern polar region lacks the land/ocean symmetry characteristic of the southern polar area. One main type of PSC is made up mostly of supercooled droplets of water and nitric acid and is implicated in the formation of ozone holes. PLAY. Polar stratospheric clouds or PSCs, also known as nacreous clouds (/ ˈ n eɪ k r iː. PMF IAS 30,037 views. But in the long months of polar darkness over Antarctica in the winter, atmospheric conditions are unusual. While flying past the east coast of Greenland on January 4, CALIPSO caught a top-down glimpse of an unusual atmospheric phenomenon—polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), also known as nacreous clouds. The average global temperature has ________ during the 20th century. It seems as though it is possible that these clouds are formed also in pure water crystals. With these clouds the highly reactive chlorine gas forms and reacts with the clouds. These opalescent clouds exist in the lower stratosphere, at altitudes between about 15 to 25 km. POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS: The stratosphere above the Arctic Circle is getting cold ... very cold. Created by. The gases the do absorb and radiate heat. diff of the 2 C-O stretching coordinates; one C-O bond length increases while the other decreases. PSCs are wave clouds. The colorful appearance of these clouds is caused becasue they contain similar sized, small particles each of which defracts sunlight in a similar manner. Arctic ozone decreases of as much as 40 percent have been measured. Bottom line: Polar stratospheric clouds – also called nacreous clouds or mother-of-pearl clouds – have been putting on a show for those at latitudes near the Arctic Circle. Terms in this set (36) Dipole Moment. Chlorine atoms are released from polar stratospheric clouds. Global Warming & Stratospheric Ozone Exam. In this visualization, sequential temperature readings taken in the research area for SOLVE (Stratospheric Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment) are plotted against a threshold temperature for PSC formation. Their sheet-like forms slowly undulate and stretch as the waves evolve. When temperatures fall below about -80 degrees, high-altitude clouds made of water and nitric acid begin to form. (2) They can monitor hurricane movement. Scientists recently discovered that polar stratospheric clouds, long known to play an important role in Antarctic ozone destruction, are occurring with increasing frequency in the Arctic. Animal respiration. It seems as though it is possible that these clouds are formed also in pure water crystals. high-altitude clouds made of water and nitric acid that form when temperatures fall below about -80 degrees C (3) They can distinguish high clouds from low clouds. Image of the Day for May 26, 2000. Yet, these inclusions of Nitric or Surffic acids, are they from human activities? what cycle is stratospheric ozone in. Carbon Dioxide, CFCs, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Water Vapor. During the summer, sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere shines... Chlorine atoms are released from polar stratospheric clouds. Developed countries to decrease emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases by an average of 5 percent below their 1990 levels by 2012. Match. Write. Image of the Day Atmosphere. I want to know the origin of nitric acid or the sulfuric acid within these clouds. polarity of chemical bond w/in a molecule . Polar-Stratospheric Clouds. Risen some years and fallen other years but has increased overall. The … Search. Polar stratospheric clouds form at very high altitudes in polar regions of the stratosphere. 32. UV-B. Subscribe to our newsletters Image. Although polar stratospheric clouds can form in the Arctic, they rarely last long enough for extensive decreases in ozone. A relatively rare type of clouds that occurs high in the stratosphere, polar stratospheric clouds often resemble mother-of … Though CFC production has been curtailed, the threat to upper atmospheric ozone continues because CFCs. (5) They can be placed in an orbit … Jinyou Liang, in Chemical Modeling for Air Resources, 2013. I've gotten into polar stratospheric cloud formations, and I'm not quite sure how they are formed. The gases the do absorb and radiate heat. The particles that form typically consist of a mixture of water and nitric acid (HNO3). Spell. However, in general, it is neither as strong nor as cold as the one that forms in the Antarctic. The distance from the equator measured in degrees north or south of the equator. Observations of Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) were examined using the 1‐μm aerosol extinction ratio data from the SAM II satellite experiment for the years 1979–1982 and 1984–1987. PSCs form in the ozone layer during win-ters in the Arctic and Antarctic stratospheres wherever A heterogeneous mechanism … The earths magnetic pole,is on the move, but it has moved before, we just do not know its effects on Polar stratospheric clouds. These clouds are called “polar stratospheric clouds” (PSCs). what does ozone shield us from. Although polar stratospheric clouds can form in the Arctic, they rarely last long enough for extensive decreases in ozone. Test. PSCs appear in the lower stratosphere near the poles in winter. Polar stratospheric clouds only form in temps -78C. These reactions lead to the production of free radicals of chlorine in the stratosphere which directly destroy ozone molecules. This paper summarizes the current state (early 1996) of our knowledge of the microphysics and heterogeneous chemistry of polar stratospheric clouds with emphasis on liquid and solid particle thermodynamics and on kinetics of non-reactive gas uptake leading to particle growth. Temperatures as high as 0 °C (32 °F) are observed near the top of the stratosphere. Trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies. These high altitude clouds form only at very low temperatures help destroy ozone in two ways. Gravity. La Nina is the _______ phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. We describe measured properties of Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds and consider the possible relationship between the clouds and the formation of the ozone hole. PSCs provide surfaces upon which heterogeneous chemical reactions take place. The polar stratospheric clouds had a warming effect on the poles, increasing temperatures by up to 20 °C in the winter months. Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are the exception. May 30, 2000. Polar stratospheric clouds easily top the aurora borealis when it comes to sheer “wow” factor, but there’s just one problem with their staggering beauty: they’re a sign of something bad. Any ice growth was slowed immensely and would lead to any present ice melting. A polar winter vortex also forms in the Northern Hemisphere. I've gotten into polar stratospheric cloud formations, and I'm not quite sure how they are formed. Sunlight streams through the atmosphere and heats the Earth. At low temperatures over the winter polar areas (195 K or -78 C), nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfur-containing gases condense with water vapor to form solid and liquid PSC particles. Polar stratospheric clouds form at extremely low temperatures in the upper atmosphere. (1) They can monitor wind direction, even when there are no clouds. They are often found downwind of mountain ranges, which can induce gravity waves in the lower stratosphere. The long-term prevailing weather conditions at a particular place based upon records taken. Due to their minimal albedo properties and their optical thickness, polar stratospheric clouds act similar to a greenhouse gas and traps outgoing longwave radiation. Instrument: Photograph. Air motions move ozone depleting substances to the atmosphere. Polar stratospheric clouds at about 80,000 feet altitude. EFFECTS OF POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS ON OZONE the sensitivity of Oa to changes in stratospheric chlo- rine loading [Hofmann and Solomon, 1989; Considine et al., 1992; Granier and Brasseur, 1992]. Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) In winter the polar stratosphere is so cold (-80°C or below) that certain trace atmospheric constituents can condense. Polar Stratospheric Clouds Main content. These are the highest flying of all clouds and only occur in polar regions where the temperature in the upper atmosphere dips below minus 100F. Asymmetric Stretch. Greenhouse Effect . NASA’s Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite was in the right place at the right time in early 2011. The clouds can also be associated with very high surface winds, which may indicate the presence of, or induce, winds and waves in the stratosphere. You might also be interested in . Polar Mesospheric Clouds Over … Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a central role in the formation of the ozone hole in the Antarctic and Arctic. The polar stratospheric clouds in Antarctica are only formed when there are very low temperatures, as low as −80 °C, and early spring conditions. When temperatures fall below about -80 degrees, high-altitude clouds made of water and nitric acid begin to form. Montreal Protocol. what UV light reaches troposphere. 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